Descriptions of revolving bookcases have been found in 8th- and 9th-century Chinese texts. Revolving bookcases, known as zhuanlunzang ( Chinese: 轉輪藏 pinyin: zhuàn lún zàng), have been documented in imperial China, and its invention is credited to Fu Xi in 544. History East Asia Bookcase in the Tianyi Chamber, the oldest extant library in China A 12th-century illustration of a revolving bookcase for Buddhist scriptures as depicted in Li Jie's architectural treatise the Yingzao Fashi In a library, large bookshelves are called "stacks." A bookcase is also known as a bookshelf, bookstand, cupboard and bookrack. In Latin and Greek, the idea of bookcase is represented by Bibliotheca and Bibliothēkē ( Greek: βιβλιοθήκη), derivatives of which mean library in many modern languages. Larger books are more likely to be kept in horizontal piles and very large books flat on wide shelves or on coffee tables. A small bookshelf may also stand on some other piece of furniture, such as a desk or chest. Especially valuable rare books may be kept in locked cases with wooden or glazed doors. Bookcase doors are almost always glazed with glass, so as to allow the spines of the books to be read. Ī bookcase may be fitted with glass doors that can be closed to protect the books from dust or moisture. In rooms entirely devoted to the storage of books, such as libraries, they may be permanently fixed to the walls and/or floor. Shelves may be fixed or adjustable to different positions in the case. Bookcases range from small, low models the height of a table to high models reaching up to ceiling height. Bookcases are used in private homes, public and university libraries, offices, schools, and bookstores.
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